Correlation analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise test indices and conditions of overweight patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The cardiopulmonary function of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is significantly lower than that of patients with simple snoring and is significantly related to the severity of OSA. Currently, only a few studies have been conducted on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in overweight patients with OSA. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) indices and the condition of overweight patients with OSA. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. METHODS: This study included 73 hospitalized overweight patients. The patients were divided into no, mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups. Differences in the CPET indices among the four groups were compared. The correlation between the CPET indices and conditions was analyzed. RESULTS: No, mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups had 18 men and 5 women, 11 men and 3 women, 12 men and 2 women, and 21 men and 1 woman, respectively (P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed in resting pulmonary function among the four groups (P > 0.05). In the CPET, the anaerobic threshold, maximum oxygen uptake, and oxygen pulse were significantly lower in the severe OSA group than those in the normal OSA group (P < 0.05). Moreover, CPET indices negatively correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index. CONCLUSION: Changes in CPET indices occurred earlier than changes in resting pulmonary function in patients with OSA. CPET might be a potential method for evaluating the severity of OSA combined with overweight status.

The intra- and inter-rater reproducibility of bone level measurements at strategic mini-implants using dental panoramic radiography

Abstract Objectives: This experimental study focused on the intra- and inter-rater reproducibility of vertical bone level (VBL) measurements at strategic mini-implants (MI) using digital panoramic radiographs (PR). Study design: VBLs of 152 MIs for removable partial denture stabilization at 50 randomly chosen PRs from a clinical trial were digitally evaluated by three ratters. Rater deviations exceeding 0.5 mm were re-examined. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was applied to estimate reliability. The smallest detectable change (SDC) was interrelated to the minimal clinically important change of 0.2 mm. Results: The first measurement round revealed intra- and inter-rater ICCs of > 0.8. However, 28 sites (9 %) were unreadable, and 97 sites (32 %) revealed differences between observers of ≥ 0.5 mm. Following a consensus session and re-training, an additional 8 sites were excluded and all remaining VBL differences were ≤ 0.5 mm. Thus, the SDCs with 95 % credibility were improved from 0.73 to 0.31 mm in the intra-rater and from 1.52 to 0.34 mm in the interrater statistics. Given a 50 % credibility for this special setting, both the intra- and inter-rater SDCs were 0.11 mm. Conclusions: Digital PR can be reliably utilized to determine VBLs around MIs under conditions of at least two trained observers, mutual calibration sessions, and exclusion of unquantifiable radiographs. German Clinical Trials Register ID:DRKS00007589, www.germanctr.de

Comparison of Quality Change During Processing Process of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix from Different Origins Based on Color-component Correlation Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTaking Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix（ABR） from different origins as samples， to quantitatively analyze the chemical composition and chromaticity of ABR with different processing degrees， and clarify the correlation and change law between color and composition in the processing process of ABR， so as to provide reference for the quality evaluation of processed products of ABR. MethodThe colorimeter is used to measure the chromaticity values of three kinds of processing degrees of ABR in different origins to show the color value change trend during the processing process， and the color parameters of wine-processed and salt-processed products of ABR with different processing degrees were analyzed by principal component analysis（PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and other analysis methods. The contents of eight representative components of ABR were measured by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， the correlation between chromaticity and each representative component was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis， and the applicability of the selected eight representative components was further verified by Fisher linear discriminant analysis， and the wine-processed and salt-processed products of ABR with different processing degrees were grouped according to the degree of processing， and 48 samples of wine-processed and salt-processed products with different processing degrees were used as training samples. Taking the contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， polypodine B， β-ecdysterone， 25R-inokosterone， 25S-inokosterone， ginsenoside Ro， chikusetsusaponin Ⅳa and polysaccharides as variables， the discriminant function was established respectively， and 12 samples of wine-processed and salt-processed products of ABR with different processing degrees were back-tested to verify the discriminant function and test the reliability of the function. ResultPCA and OPLS-DA results showed that ABR samples with different processing degrees were classified into clusters， and the results could significantly distinguish different processed products. During the process of wine and salt processing， the contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， ginsenoside Ro， and chikusetsusaponin Ⅳa gradually increased with the deepening of the processing degree， while the contents of polypodine B， β-ecdysterone， 25R-inokosterone， 25S-inokosterone and polysaccharides showed a gradual decreasing trend， indicating these 8 components increased and decreased to different degrees in the process of wine and salt processing. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content of the samples with different processing degrees of wine-processed and salt-processed products were negatively correlated with the brightness value（L*） and the total color difference value（E*ab）（P<0.01）， and positively correlated with the red-green value（a*） and the yellow-blue value（b*）（P<0.01）， and that the content of polypodine B and polysaccharides were positively correlated with L* and E*ab（P<0.01）. The discriminant functions of wine-processed and salt-processed products of ABR were established by Fisher linear discriminant analysis， and their accuracy rates in the training samples were 93.75% and 95.83%， respectively. Twelve test samples of wine-processed and salt-processed products with different processing degree were back substitution， and the correct rate was 100%. ConclusionThe trend of composition and color changes of ABR with different processing degrees in different production areas is relatively consistent， and the color value can better distinguish ABR with different processing degrees， and the color of ABR is related to some representative components in the processing process， indicating that the color can provide reference for the identification of the processing degree of ABR and the prediction of component content.

Exploring Scientific Connotation of "Fried Charcoal Survivability" of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos Based on Color-composition Correlation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the scientific connotation of fried charcoal survivability of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos（LJF） by analyzing the correlation between the color change and the intrinsic components during the processing of LJF Carbonisata（LJFC）， and taking pH， charcoal adsorption and microscopic characteristics as indexes. MethodLJFC samples with different degrees of processing were prepared according to the stir-frying time of 0.0， 1.5， 3.0， 4.5， 6.0， 7.5， 9.0， 10.5 min（numbered S1-S8）， and the contents of gallic acid， chlorogenic acid， cryptochlorogenic acid， rutin， luteoloside， isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the L*（brightness）， a*（red-greenness） and b*（yellow-blueness） of LJFC samples with different degrees of processing were determined by spectrophotometer， and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis（PCA） between the contents of seven representative components and the color of the samples were carried out by SPSS 26. 0 and SIMCA-P 14.1. Then pH， adsorption force and characteristic structure of different samples of LJFC were detected and the processing pattern of LJFC was analyzed. ResultThe results of quantitative analysis revealed that the contents of luteoloside， rutin， chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A gradually decreased， and the contents of cryptochlorogenic acid， isochlorogenic acid C and gallic acid firstly increased and then decreased. The L* and b* of the sample powders decreased， and a* showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The L* and b* were positively correlated with the contents of chlorogenic acid， rutin， luteoloside， isochlorogenic acid A， b* was positively correlated with the content of gallic acid， and a* was positively correlated with the contents of cryptochlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid C. PCA revealed that samples could be clearly divided into 3 groups， S1-S2 as one group， S3-S5 as one group， and S6-S8 as one group， with S3 having the highest score. The results of regression analysis showed that only isochlorogenic acid C could be used to predict the contents of components by colorimetric values combined with regression equations. Physicochemical analysis showed that pH of LJFC increased with the increase of degree of charcoal stir-frying， while adsorption force showed a tendency of increasing and then decreasing， with the highest adsorption force in the S5 sample， and the non-glandular hairs， calcium oxalate clusters and pollen grains had a varying degree of decreasing with the deepening of processing degree， and the microstructures of S6-S8 samples were obviously charred with pollen grains almost invisible. ConclusionThe changes in chemical composition and color characteristics of LJFC during the processing have certain correlations， combined with the changes in physicochemical properties， S5 sample is found to be the optimal processed products， which can provide a reference for the processing standardization and quality evaluation of LJFC， and enrich the scientific connotation of fried charcoal survivability of LJF.

Correlation between Content of Active Ingredients of Aurantii Fructus and Soil Factor / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the correlation between the content of active ingredients of Aurantii Fructus in different main production areas and soil factors， so as to provide a theoretical basis for implementing ecological regulation of soil， improving the quality of Aurantii Fructus， and revealing the origin of genuine medicinal materials. MethodThe content of naringin， neohesperidin， total flavonoids， volatile oil， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， total potassium， and 17 soil factor-related indicators in 25 batches of Aurantii Fructus from different production areas were determined. The main soil factors affecting the content of active ingredients of Aurantii Fructus were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis， principal component analysis， and grey correlation analysis. ResultThe pH value of the soil is between 4.83 and 8.21， and the soil is weakly acidic and neutral in general. Soil fertility exceeds the average. Pearson correlation analysis shows that the soil factors most related to the four active ingredients of Aurantii Fructus are total phosphorus， available copper， available zinc， exchangeable magnesium， available sulfur， available phosphorus， and available molybdenum. Principal component analysis shows that total nitrogen， alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， organic matter， available phosphorus， and available zinc are the main characteristic factors in soil. Grey correlation analysis shows that the main soil factors affecting the active ingredients of Aurantii Fructus are total phosphorus， total nitrogen， available zinc， available copper， exchangeable magnesium， and pH. ConclusionIn the cultivation of Aurantii Fructus， the medicinal material quality of Aurantii Fructus could be improved by adjusting the level of beneficial factors in the soil and improving the soil texture.

Relationship between handgrip strength and inspiratory muscles with the success of the spontaneous breathing trial

Introduction: In critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, the loss of inspiratory and peripheral muscle strength is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and failed weaning. Objective: To determine the relationship between handgrip strength and inspiratory muscle strength with the success of the Spontaneous Breathing Trial in adults with ventilatory support greater than 48 hours. Methodology: Prospective observational cross-sectional study performed at a tertiary hospital in Colombia. Handgrip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure were measured once a day before Spontaneous Breathing Trial testing. Pearson's test and Cohen's D test were used to analyze correlations. Results: A total of 51 patients were included, 57% male, with a mean age of 51.9±20 years. A positive correlation was identified between Maximal Inspiratory Pressure and grip strength; and a negative correlation between grip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure with the days of stay in the intensive care unit, (r -0.40; p<0.05) and (r -0.45; p<0.05). Conclusions: Handgrip strength and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure were positively correlated with Spontaneous Breathing Trial success. The importance of these measures to guide ventilator disconnection processes is highlighted.

Introducción: En el paciente críticamente enfermo con ventilación mecánica, la pérdida de la fuerza de los músculos inspiratorios y periféricos se asocia con ventilación mecánica prolongada y destete fallido. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la fuerza de prensión manual y la fuerza de músculos inspiratorios con el éxito de la prueba de respiración espontánea en adultos con soporte ventilatorio mayor a 48 horas. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo observacional de corte transversal realizado en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia. La fuerza de prensión manual y la presión inspiratoria máxima se midieron una vez al día antes de la prueba de prueba de respiración espontánea. Se utilizaron la prueba de Pearson y la prueba D de Cohen para analizar las correlaciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 51 pacientes, 57 % de sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 51,9 ± 20 años. Se identificó una correlación positiva entre Presión Inspiratoria Máxima y fuerza de la mano; y una correlación negativa entre la fuerza de la mano y la Presión Inspiratoria Máxima con los días de estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, (r -0,40; p < 0,05) y (r -0,45;p < 0,05). Conclusiones: La fuerza de prensión manual y la Presión Inspiratoria Máxima se correlacionaron positivamente con el éxito de la Prueba de Respiración Espontánea. Se destaca la importancia de estas mediciones para guiar procesos de desconexión del ventilador.

Fuerza prensil y composición corporal en escolares colombianos. Estudio piloto

Introducción: Algunos estudios han encontrado relación entre exceso de peso y baja fuerza de prensión relativa. En países de ingresos socioeconómicos medianos y bajos hay pocas evidencias que evalúen la fuerza prensil y su relación con la composición corporal en población pediátrica. Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación entre la fuerza prensil y la composición corporal de escolares de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio piloto de corte transversal, analítico, correlacional. Participaron niños en edad escolar de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Las principales variables dependientes fueron masa muscular, agua corporal total, proteínas (kg) y el porcentaje de grasa corporal. La variable independiente correspondió a la fuerza prensil. Se usó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para explorar la relación entre variables. Resultados: El promedio de la fuerza prensil en el total de la muestra fue de 13,8 ± 3,2 Newton. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas y estadísticamente significativas entre la fuerza prensil y la masa musculoesquelética (r = 0,73), agua corporal total (r = 0,73) y proteínas (r = 0,74). Discusión: Nuestros resultados son consistentes con evidencias previas que identifican a la fuerza prensil como un indicador de la composición corporal, específicamente en las variables de masa musculoesquelética y proteínas. Conclusión: Los niños en el tercil más alto de fuerza prensil presentan los terciles más altos de masa musculoesquelética, agua corporal total y proteínas.

Introduction: Some studies have found a relationship between excess weight and low relative grip strength. In countries with medium and low socioeconomic income, there is little evidence evaluating grip strength and its relationship with body composition in the pediatric population. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between grip strength and body composition of schoolchildren from Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical, correlational pilot study was conducted. Schoolchildren from Bucaramanga, Colombia participated. The main dependent variables were muscle mass, total body water, protein (kg), and percentage of body fat. The independent variable corresponded to the prehensile force. Spearman's Correlation Coefficient was used to explore the relationship between variables. Results: The average prehensile force in the total sample was 13.8±3.2 Newton. Positive and statistically significant correlations were found between grip strength and musculoskeletal mass (r=0.73), total body water (r=0.73), and protein (r=0.74). Discussion: Our results are consistent with previous evidence that identifies grip strength as an indicator of body composition, specifically in the variables of musculoskeletal mass and protein. Conclusion: Children in the highest tertile of prehensile strength present the highest tertiles of skeletal muscle mass, total body water, and protein.

La empatía de los enfermeros con los pacientes en los hospitales públicos / Working nurses' empathy with patients in public hospitals / A empatia dos enfermeiros com os pacientes em hospitais públicos

Objetivo: determinar los niveles de empatía en profesionales de enfermería de un hospital de alta complejidad, relacionar la edad con la empatía (y cada una de sus dimensiones), y establecer si existen diferencias entre estos niveles según el tipo de jornada laboral. Método: diseño comparativo, correlacional y transversal. La muestra utilizada (n=271) constituyó el 40,9% del total de profesionales de enfermería. Se estudiaron las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Empatía de Jefferson para Profesionales de la Salud. Se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos: media y desviación estándar. La asociación entre empatía y edad se estimó mediante ecuaciones de regresión y significancia estadística de los coeficientes de regresión, luego de evaluar el tipo de curva mediante análisis de varianza. Resultados: se identificó el modelo subyacente de las tres dimensiones de la empatía. Los valores de los estadísticos descriptivos observados fueron relativamente bajos en empatía y sus dimensiones. Los niveles de empatía no se asociaron con el rango de edad. No se encontraron diferencias en la empatía entre los tipos de horarios de trabajo. Se encontró variabilidad en las dimensiones: "cuidado compasivo" y "ponerse en los zapatos del paciente". Conclusión: estos resultados muestran que los niveles de empatía observados pueden implicar un desempeño deficiente en el cuidado empático de los pacientes.

Objective: to determine the levels of empathy in professional nurses of a high-complexity hospital, to relate age to empathy (and each one of its dimensions), and to establish if there are differences between these levels according to the type of working schedules. Method: comparative, correlational and cross-sectional design. The sample used (n=271) constituted 40.9% of the total number of nursing professionals. Psychometric properties of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professionals were studied. Descriptive statistics were calculated: mean and standard deviation. The association between empathy and age was estimated using regression equations and statistical significance of the regression coefficients, after evaluating the type of curve using variance analysis. Results: the underlying model of three dimensions of empathy was identified. The values of the descriptive statistics observed were relatively low in empathy and its dimensions. Empathy levels were not associated with the age range. No differences in empathy were found between the types of work schedules. Variability was found in the dimensions: "compassionate care" and "Walking on the patient's shoes". Conclusion: these results show that the levels of empathy observed may imply a deficient performance in empathetic care for patients.

Objetivo: determinar os níveis de empatia em enfermeiros profissionais de um hospital de alta complexidade, relacionar a idade com a empatia (e cada uma das suas dimensões) e verificar se existem diferenças entre esses níveis, de acordo com o tipo de horário de trabalho. Método: delineamento comparativo, correlacional e transversal. A amostra utilizada (n=271) constituiu 40,9% do total de profissionais de enfermagem. Foram estudadas as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Empatia de Jefferson para Profissionais da Saúde. Foram calculadas estatísticas descritivas: média e desvio padrão. A associação entre empatia e idade foi estimada por meio de equações de regressão e significância estatística dos coeficientes de regressão, após avaliação do tipo de curva por meio de análise de variância. Resultados: o modelo subjacente de três dimensões de empatia foi identificado. Os valores das estatísticas descritivas observados foram relativamente baixos em empatia e suas dimensões. Níveis de empatia não foram associados com a faixa etária. Não foram encontradas diferenças de empatia entre os tipos de horários de trabalho. Foi encontrada variabilidade nas dimensões: "cuidado compassivo" e "colocar-se no lugar do paciente". Conclusão: esses resultados mostram que os níveis de empatia observados podem implicar em um desempenho deficiente no atendimento empático aos pacientes.

Correlación entre los Estilos de Aprendizaje Según el Modelo de Felder-Silverman y el Rendimiento Académico de la Asignatura de Morfología y Función en Estudiantes Universitarios / Correlation Between Learning Styles According to the Felder-Silverman Model and the Academic Performance of the Morphology and Function Subject in University Students

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación existente entre la tendencia predominante del estilo de aprendizaje, según el modelo de Felder-Silverman, evaluando el rendimiento académico parcial y final de los estudiantes que cursan la asignatura Morfología y Función I. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 231 estudiantes universitarios que ingresaron a las Facultades de Salud y Educación en el primer semestre del año 2019. Para poder evaluar el rendimiento, a los estudiantes se les aplicó el cuestionario de Índice de Estilos de Aprendizaje y se correlacionó con la nota de la prueba teórica 1, la evaluación práctica 1 y el promedio final de la asignatura. Los resultados muestran que el 53,4 % del total de estudiantes evaluados son visuales, para estos estudiantes el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman fue de -0,378 para prueba teórica (p<0,001), -0.467 para evaluación práctica (p<0,001) y -0.500 para el promedio final (p<0,001). Los estudiantes visuales tienen promedio de notas más altos en la prueba teórica y el promedio final comparado con los activos (p<0,05). Se concluyó que la tendencia predominante es el visual, para estos estudiantes existe una correlación inversa y estadísticamente significativa con el rendimiento académico. Además, presentan un promedio de notas significativamente más alto que las otras tendencias.

SUMMARY: The objective if this study was to determine the relation that exists between the predominant tendency of the learning style, according to the Felder-Silverman model, and partial and final academic performance of the students attending the subject Morphology and Function I. A transversal study was carried out among 231 college students who joined the Faculties of Health and Education during the first term of 2019. They received the Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire and it was correlated with the mark of the theoretical test n°1, the practical evaluation n° 1 and the final average of the course. Results showed that 53.4 % of the total numbers of students assessed are visual, for these pupils the Spearman correlation coefficient was -0.378 for the theoretical test (p<0.001),-0.467 for the practical evaluation (p<0.001) and -0.500 for the final average (p<0.001). Visual students have higher average marks in the theoretical test and the final average contrasted with the active ones (p<0.05). We concluded that the predominant tendency is the visual style. For these students there is an inverted and statistically significant correlation with the academic performance. Besides, they show significantly higher average marks than the other tendencies.

Correlación entre glucemia basal y alanina aminotransferasas en pacientes con y sin diabetes de un policlínico de Lima, Perú

Introducción: la alanina aminotransferasa es un nexo importante en el metabolismo de aminoácidos y carbohidratos, asimismo es un marcador de inflamación hepática. Estudios previos mostraron la relación entre la diabetes mellitus y esta enzima bajo diferentes contextos clínicos. Objetivo: evaluar la correlación entre glucosa basal y alanina aminotransferasa tanto en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 como sin ella. Metodología: estudio observacional, analítico y transversal realizado desde enero de 2021 a junio de 2022 con una población de 566 pacientes dividida en grupos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (n 224) y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (n 342). Fueron incluidos los pacientes de edad igual o mayor a 18 años con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se excluyó a pacientes con patologías múltiples y/o con diagnóstico de diabetes inferior a 6 meses. Se realizó el análisis inferencial con la prueba de correlación de Spearman y la prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Los datos fueron procesados con el software SPSS statistics 25™. Resultados: la correlación entre glucosa y alanina aminotransferasa en sujetos sin diabetes fue 0,212 (p=0,003) y la correlación entre glucosa y alanina aminotransferasa en aquellos con diabetes fue -0,434 (p=0,015). Conclusiones: la alanina aminotransferasa se relaciona con mayor intensidad en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que en aquellos sin diabetes. La correlación moderada y negativa en sujetos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 indicaría alteraciones en la interacción entre la alanina aminotransferasa y la glucosa en los que la hiperglucemia sostenida tendría un papel relevante, probablemente por un incremento en la actividad de transaminación.

Introduction: Alanine aminotransferase is an important nexus in the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates, and is also a marker of liver inflammation. Previous studies showed the relationship between diabetes mellitus and this enzyme under different clinical contexts. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between basal glucose and alanine aminotransferase both in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: Observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study conducted from January 2021 to June 2022 with a population of 566 patients divided into groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n 224) and without it (n 342). Patients aged 18 years or older with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. Patients with multiple pathologies and/or diagnosed with diabetes less than 6 months were excluded. Inferential analysis was performed with Spearman's correlation test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. The data was processed with the SPSS statistics 25™ software. Results: The correlation between glucose and alanine aminotransferase in subjects without diabetes was 0.212 (p=0.003) and the correlation between glucose and alanine aminotransferase in those with diabetes was -0.434 (p=0.015). Conclusions: Alanine aminotransferase is associated with greater intensity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in those without diabetes. The moderate and negative correlation in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus would indicate alterations in the interaction between alanine aminotransferase and glucose in which sustained hyperglycemia would play a relevant role, probably due to an increase in transamination activity.

Next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing and phenotype correlation in retinitis pigmentosa patients from India

Purpose: Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) are a heterogeneous group of retinal diseases leading to progressive loss of photoreceptors through apoptosis. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is considered the most common form of IRD. Panel?based testing in RP has proven effective in identifying the causative genetic mutations in 70% and 80% of the patients. This is a retrospective, observational, single?center study of 107 RP patients who had undergone next?generation sequencing?based targeted gene panel testing for IRD genes. These patients were inspected for common phenotypic features to arrive at meaningful genotype–phenotype correlation. Methods: Patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, and blood was collected from the proband for DNA extraction after documenting the pedigree. Targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was done by panel?based testing for IRD genes followed by co?segregation analysis wherever applicable. Results: Of the 107 patients, 72 patients had pathogenic mutations. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 14 ± 12 years (range: 5–55). Mean (Best Corrected Visual Acuity) BCVA was 6/48 (0.9 logMAR) (range 0.0–3.0). At presentation, over one?third of eyes had BCVA worse than 6/60 (<1 logMAR). Phenotype analysis with the gene defects showed overlapping features, such as peripheral well?defined chorioretinal atrophic patches in patients with CERKL, PROM1, and RPE65 gene mutations and large macular lesions in patients with RDH12 and CRX gene mutations, respectively. Nummular or clump?like pigmentation was noted in CRB1, TTC8, PDE6A, and PDE6B. Conclusion: NGS?based genetic testing can help clinicians to diagnose RP more accurately, and phenotypic correlations can also help in better patient counselling with respect to prognosis and guidance regarding ongoing newer gene?based therapies.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF INFOSYS LTD. USING RATIO ANALYSIS AND TREND ANALYSIS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

The main focus of this research paper is to make a comparative analysis of one of the leading IT Company by market capitalization named Infosys Ltd. The nancial status of this company has been analyzed by leveraging out various nancial ratios such as liquidity, protability, solvency and activity ratios. For the purpose of conducting our research, the data has been collected from secondary sources such as company's annual reports, journals, etc. The study covers a time period from FY18 to FY22. Sampling technique adopted for the purpose of carrying out this research is purposive sampling method. We also used trend analysis to forecast the future growth in sales and protability of the business. This research also uses simple correlation technique to compute the relationship between liquidity and protability of the company. More interestingly, this paper also considers the outputs of regression analysis so as to nd the cause - and - effect relationship among variables.

Clinical features of Vitamin D deficiency in children and their correlation with Vitamin D levels: A cross-sectional study in SRVS medical college, Shivpuri

Background: Vitamin D along with calcium plays an important role for the maintenance of musculoskeletal health during whole life, and it is essential to address their deficiency pediatric and adolescent population is vital. Ideally, all the children should be screened for Vitamin D deficiency because a large number of Vitamin D deficient are asymptomatic, but it is practically difficult to do Vitamin D levels in all the healthy children. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is screening children presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of Vitamin D deficiency and tried to correlate the presenting clinical feature with the level of Vitamin D with the following objectives: (i) to study the level of Vitamin D (25 hydroxy Vitamin D) in apparently healthy children with clinical features indicating of Vitamin D deficiency and (ii) to correlate the specific clinical features with Vitamin D level. Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained by writing from the parents before starting of the study. Cross-sectional observation study conducted between November 2021 and November 2022 by convenient sampling method. Young children and adolescents of age group of 2–14 years attending OPD at SRVS Medical College Shivpuri was the study population. Results: The present study done in Shivpuri belt the prevalence deficiency of Vitamin D was found to be 52% in children. Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Madhya Pradesh is high, pointing as the severe and critical public health issue. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency done by serum concentrations of 25 (OH) D if less values proper suggestive treatment is recommended.

Factores de riesgo asociados a la agresividad en adolescentes: diferenciación por sexo

La agresividad se ha reconocido como prevalente en la población adolescente, debido a su carácter impulsivo y de inestabilidad emocional, que también caracteriza a la adolescencia. Ello lleva a la necesidad de conocer la frecuencia y la relación de los factores de riesgo de la agresividad en población adolescente, explorando sus diferencias según sexo. Así, esta investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, transversal de alcance correlacional, estudió la presencia y las relaciones entre la agresividad y sus factores de riesgo en 212 mujeres y 188 hombres adolescentes, entre 12 y 17 años de edad. Para lo cual, se aplicó una ficha de valoración de factores de riesgo y el cuestionario de agresividad premeditada e impulsiva (CAPI-A). Los hallazgos muestran mayor prevalencia de agresividad impulsiva, y la presencia de más relaciones con factores de riesgo en mujeres respecto a los hombres. Los factores de riesgos relevantes en las mujeres son las actitudes hacia la norma, la percepción sobre la agresividad y los sentimientos; en los hombres, las conductas de riesgo y los sentimientos. Esto resulta de utilidad para la comprensión de la agresividad como pauta comportamental, y el diseño de intervenciones preventivas de la agresividad y sus consecuencias.

The aggressiveness has been recognized as prevalent in teenage population due to their impulsive character, with that emotional instability which characterizes adolescence. This conducts to the need of knowing the frequency and the relationship of risk factors of aggressiveness in teenage population, exploring their differences according to sex. Thus, this research of quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional of correlational scope, studied the presence and the relations between aggressiveness and its risk factors in 212 teenage women and 188 teenage men between 12 and 17 years of age. For this, a record card of risk factor evaluation was implemented along with the questionnaire of premediated / impulsive aggressiveness (CAPI-A in Spanish). The findings show a higher prevalence of impulsive aggressiveness and the presence of more relations to risk factors in women than in men. The relevant risk factors in women are the attitudes towards norms, the perception about aggressiveness and the feelings; in men, risk conducts and feelings are the ones to mention. These results useful for the comprehension of aggressiveness as a behavioral pattern, and the design of preventive interventions towards aggressiveness and their consequences.

Análise espaçotemporal das internações por sífilis e HIV/aids nas Regiões de Saúde da Bahia / Spatiotemporal analysis of hospitalizations due to syphilis and HIV/aids in the Health Regions of Bahia / Análisis espaciotemporal de las hospitalizaciones por sífilis y VIH/sida en las Regiones de Salud de Bahía

A sífilis e a infecção causada pelo vírus HIV constituem importantes problemas de saúde pública, em razão das altas taxas de morbimortalidade e do impacto que causam aos programas e às políticas públicas de saúde, tanto de forma isolada quanto no caso de coinfecção. Mesmo a sífilis sendo uma doença curável, e o HIV/aids uma doença que possui tratamento, ambas têm atingido milhões de pessoas no mundo, inclusive no Brasil, onde o estado da Bahia se destaca pelos elevados índices de infecção. Esse quadro se intensifica quando se observam as notificações conforme a raça/cor da pele, havendo um grande número de casos entre jovens negros. Esta dissertação pretende analisar a dinâmica espaçotemporal das taxas de internação por sífilis e HIV/aids em adultos, nas Regiões de Saúde da Bahia, no período de 2000 a 2020. Os dados são provenientes do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH), disponibilizado pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), enquanto os dados populacionais e de raça/cor da pele são do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). As análises envolveram tanto medidas descritivas quanto tendência temporal, autocorrelação e correlação cruzada. Nesse ínterim, foram utilizados o método detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), para caracterizar a autocorrelação e identificar a persistência na série temporal; o coeficiente de correlação cruzada ρDCCA, para mensurar a correlação cruzada entre as séries; e a média móvel, para caracterizar a tendência. Também foi realizada a análise descritiva, com a estimativa da tendência temporal por meio do modelo de regressão linear, com correção de Prais-Winsten. No período de 2000 a 2020, foram registradas 16.454 internações, sendo 3,2% por sífilis e 96,8% por HIV/aids. Quanto ao estudo de base temporal, foi identificado um comportamento persistente (αDFA > 0,50) e uma correlação negativa fraca (< 0,20) tanto entre as taxas de sífilis quanto entre as de HIV/aids, sendo estatisticamente significante somente a autocorrelação da sífilis. Os jovens negros constituíram a maioria dos sujeitos hospitalizados, com média geral de idade de 39,2 anos, prevalência do sexo feminino para sífilis (60,5%) e do sexo masculino para HIV/aids (61,8%). As maiores taxas de sífilis foram encontradas nas regiões de saúde de Itabuna, Ilhéus, Paulo Afonso e Salvador. O comportamento da sífilis foi estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05), com variação percentual anual (VPA) de 14,1% (ß1 > 0 e p < 0,05), o que denota uma tendência crescente. Para os casos de HIV/aids, as maiores taxas foram observadas nas regiões de Salvador, Camaçari, Teixeira de Freitas e Seabra. Não houve significância estatística para HIV/aids (p > 0,05), sendo o VPA de 1,6% (ß1 > 0 e p < 0,05), o que também indica uma tendência crescente. Espera-se que, com esta pesquisa, seja possível contribuir não somente para a atualização do conhecimento sobre infecção por sífilis e HIV/aids em adultos, mas principalmente para a construção de indicadores e para o planejamento e fortalecimento das políticas públicas de saúde, com ênfase nos sistemas de vigilância do estado da Bahia.

Syphilis and the infection by the HIV virus are important public health problems, due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality and the impact they cause to public health programs and policies, both in isolation and in cases of co-infection. Even though syphilis is a curable disease, and HIV/AIDS is a disease that has treatment, both have reached millions of people around the world, including Brazil, where the state of Bahia stands out for its high infection rates. This picture is intensified when the notifications according to race/skin color are observed, since there is a large number of cases among young black people. This dissertation intends to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of hospitalization rates for syphilis and HIV/AIDS in adults, in the Health Regions of Bahia, from 2000 to 2020. The data came from the Hospital Information System (SIH), made available by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), and the population and race/skin color data came from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Analyzes involved both descriptive measures and temporal trend, autocorrelation, and cross-correlation. In the meantime, the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method was used to characterize this autocorrelation and identify the persistence in the time series; the cross-correlation coefficient ρDCCA, to measure the cross-correlation between the series; and the moving average, to characterize the trend. Descriptive analysis was also performed, with the estimation of the temporal trend by the linear regression model, with Prais-Winsten (PW) correction. In the period from 2000 to 2020, 16,454 hospitalizations were registered, with 3.2% for syphilis and 96.8% for HIV/AIDS. Regarding the time-based study, a persistent behavior (αDFA > 0.50) and a weak negative correlation (< 0.20) were identified between both the syphilis and the HIV/AIDS rates, and only the autocorrelation for syphilis was statistically significant. Young black people constituted most hospitalized subjects, with a general mean age of 39.2 years, with a female prevalence for syphilis (60.5%) and a male for HIV/AIDS (61.8%). The highest rates of syphilis were found in the health regions of Itabuna, Ilhéus, Paulo Afonso, and Salvador. The behavior of syphilis was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05), with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 14.1% (ß1 > 0 and p-value < 0.05), which denotes an increasing trend. For HIV/AIDS cases, the highest rates were observed in the regions of Salvador, Camaçari, Teixeira de Freitas, and Seabra. There was no statistical significance for HIV/AIDS (p-value > 0.05), with an AAPC of 1.6% (ß1 > 0 and p-value < 0.05), which also indicates an increasing trend. We hope that, with this research, it will be possible to contribute not only to the updating of knowledge about syphilis and HIV/AIDS infection in adults, but mainly to constructing indicators, and planning and strengthening public health policies, with an emphasis on surveillance systems of the state of Bahia.

La sífilis y la infección por el virus del VIH son importantes problemas de salud pública, dadas las altas tasas de morbimortalidad y el impacto que llevan a los programas y políticas de salud pública, tanto de forma aislada como en relación con la coinfección. Si bien la sífilis es una enfermedad curable y el VIH/sida, una enfermedad tratable, ambas han afectado a millones de personas en el mundo, y en Brasil destaca el estado de Bahía por sus altas tasas de infección. Este cuadro se intensifica aún más cuando se observan las notificaciones según raza/color de piel, en que hay un gran número de casos entre jóvenes negros. Esta tesis pretende analizar la dinámica espaciotemporal de las tasas de hospitalización por sífilis y VIH/sida en adultos, en las regiones de salud de Bahía (Brasil), en el período de 2000 a 2020. Los datos provienen del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria (SIH) que dispone el Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS); mientras que los datos de población y raza/color de piel se obtuvieron del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE). Los análisis incluyeron medidas descriptivas y tendencias temporales, autocorrelación y correlación cruzada. Por su parte, se realizó el método detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) para caracterizar esta autocorrelación e identificar la persistencia en la serie temporal; el coeficiente de correlación cruzada ρDCCA para medir la correlación cruzada entre las series, así como la media móvil para caracterizar la tendencia. También se realizó un análisis descriptivo, con la estimación de la tendencia temporal mediante el modelo de regresión lineal, con corrección de Prais-Winsten (PW). De 2000 a 2020 se registraron 16.454 hospitalizaciones, el 3,2% por sífilis y el 96,8% por VIH/sida. En cuanto al estudio de base temporal, se identificó un comportamiento persistente (αDFA > 0,50) y una correlación negativa débil (< 0,20) tanto entre las tasas de sífilis como de VIH/sida, y solo es estadísticamente significativa la autocorrelación por sífilis. Los jóvenes negros son mayoría entre los individuos hospitalizados, cuyo promedio general de edad es de 39,8 años, con predominancia de mujeres con sífilis (60,5%) y de varones con VIH/sida (61,8%). Las mayores tasas de sífilis se encontraron en las regiones sanitarias de Itabuna, Ilhéus, Paulo Afonso y Salvador. El comportamiento de la sífilis fue estadísticamente significativo (p-valor < 0,05), con una variación porcentual anual (VPA) del 14,1% (ß1 > 0 y p-valor < 0,05), lo que apunta a una tendencia creciente. Para los casos de VIH/sida, las tasas más altas se observaron en las regiones de Salvador, Camaçari, Teixeira de Freitas y Seabra. No hubo significación estadística para el VIH/sida (p-valor > 0,05), con un VPA del 1,6% (ß1 > 0 y p-valor < 0,05), lo que también indica una tendencia creciente. Se espera que con esta investigación se pueda contribuir no solo a la actualización de conocimientos sobre la infección por sífilis y VIH/sida en adultos, sino principalmente a la construcción de indicadores, planificación y fortalecimiento de políticas públicas de salud, con énfasis en los sistemas de vigilancia en el estado de Bahía.

Pain interference, neuropathic-like symptoms, pain intensity, and symptoms of central sensitization negatively impact individual's disability after Chikungunya fever: cross-sectional study / Interferência da dor, sintomas do tipo neuropático, intensidade da dor e sintomas de sensibilização central afetam negativamente a capacidade funcional dos indivíduos após a febre Chicungunha: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Particular pain features, such as pain interference, neuropathic-like symptoms, and central sensitization (CS) symptoms may be present in patients with Chikungunya fever and lead to functional limitations. The present study aimed to assess the association between pain characteristics and the disability in participants affected by Chikungunya fever in the chronic phase. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 36 participants who filled out a sociodemographic, pain characteristics (pain interference - Brief Pain Inventory, neuropathic-like symptoms - PainDETECT Questionnaire, and CS-related signs and symptoms - Central Sensitization Inventory) and disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire) questionnaires. The Spearman correlation test (rho) verified the relationship between the outcomes. RESULTS: Most of the participants were female (77%), with a mean age of 43 years. Twenty-seven (75%) participants presented nociceptive pain and 11 (30%) had central sensitization symptoms. There was a high positive correlation between the presence of neuropathic-like symptoms and disability (rho=0.71; p<0.001) and pain intensity and disability (rho=0.76; p<0.001). A moderate positive correlation was found between the central sensitization symptoms and disability (rho=0.51; p=0.002). Moreover, there is a low positive correlation between pain interference in an individual's life and disability (rho=0.34; p=0.041). CONCLUSION: Patients in chronic phase of Chikungunya fever revealed mild pain intensity and predominance of nociceptive pain. Pain interference, neuropathic-like symptoms, and central sensitization symptoms negatively impact individual's disability after Chikungunya fever.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Características particulares da dor, como interferência da dor, sintomas do tipo neuropático e sintomas de sensibilização central (SC), podem estar presentes em pacientes com febre Chicungunha e levar a limitações funcionais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a correlação entre as características da dor e a capacidade funcional em participantes acometidos pela febre Chicungunha na fase crônica. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 36 participantes que preencheram questionários sociodemográficos, de características de dor (interferência da dor - Inventário Breve de Dor, sintomas do tipo neuropático - questionário PainDETECT, e sinais e sintomas relacionados à SC - Inventário de Sensibilização Central) e de capacidade funcional (Health Assessment Questionnaire). O teste de correlação de Spearman (rho) verificou a relação entre os desfechos. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (77%), com média de idade de 43 anos. Vinte e sete (75%) participantes apresentaram dor nociceptiva e 11 (30%) apresentaram sintomas de sensibilização central. Houve alta correlação positiva entre a presença de sintomas do tipo neuropático e capacidade funcional (rho=0,71; p<0,001) e intensidade da dor e capacidade funcional (rho=0,76; p<0,001). Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva moderada entre os sintomas de sensibilização central e a capacidade funcional (rho=0,51; p=0,002). Além disso, há uma correlação positiva baixa entre a interferência da dor na vida do indivíduo e a capacidade funcional (rho=0,34; p=0,041). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes em fase crônica da febre Chicungunha apresentaram intensidade de dor leve e predominância de dor nociceptiva. A interferência da dor, os sintomas do tipo neuropático e os sintomas de sensibilização central afetam negativamente a capacidade funcional do indivíduo após a febre Chicungunha.

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS USING DIFFERENT TONOMETERS IN PATIENTS OF VARIOUS REFRACTIVE ERRORS

Background: Intraocular pressure (IOP)is an important ?rst indicator of probability and suspicion of Glaucoma. The virtual IOP status is grossly in?uenced by multiple factors including Refractive errors ,corneal biomechanics ,central corneal thickness(CCT) and Scleral rigidity. To compare relative IOP measurements and Aim: its variability in Emmetropes, myopic and hypermetropic patients using Schiotz, Goldmann Applanation(GAT)and I-Care Rebound tonometer to establish an equation between virtual and real time IOP. This observational Materials and Methods: prospective study comprised of 100 subjects above the age of 18 years inclusive37 Emmetropes , 31 Hypermetropes and remaining 32 belonged to myopia . Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS for Windows Statistical Analysis : version 17.0 to calculate the demographic characteristics of the study cohort. The data were expressed as mean values including the standard deviation (SD) and the 95% con?dence interval (CI). Mean IOP measurements between Schiotz, I-Care and GAT were compared by One way ANOVA along with Individual pair wise comparison by applying Post Hoc Tukey Test for comparison of IOP measurements using a particular method of Tonometry in individuals of myopia, hypermetropia and emmetropia. The highest mean value of CCT 536.667 mum was in Hypermetropes whereas the lowest CCT value of Results: 507.031mum was in myopic eyes with statistically signi?cant (P<0.05). The mean value for IOP in Emmetropes was16.665 mm Hg for Schiotz , 15.027 Hg for GAT and 15.081 mm Hg for I –Care .Whereas Hypermetropes revealed mean value of 15.055 mm Hg for Schiotz , 14.323 mm Hg for GAT and 14.065 mm Hg for I –Care . The mean value for IOP in Myopic eyes was 16.875 mm Hg for Schiotz , 14.375 mm Hg for GAT and 14.688 mm Hg for I –Care . The study had revealed higher mean Conclusion : value of IOP in Myopic eyes as compare to Emetropic and Hypermetropic subjects.IOP measurements by the Schiotz tonometer were signi?cantly higher as compare to GAT and I-Care tonometer. Whereas recordings by GAT and I Care tonometers were almost in agreement .De?nitive correlation could not be established between pachymetry readings and adjusted IOP following GAT and I –Care tonometry .

Lactic Acid Inhibits the Cytotoxicity of NK-92 Cells via Activating the Lactate Receptor GPR81

Aims: Lactate acid functions as not only an energy source but a signaling molecule through the lactate receptor GPR81 under physiological conditions. However, the pathological role of lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear, particularly for immune cells. Methodology: NK-92 cells were treated with L-lactic acid solutions at final concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mM, and its cell viability and cytotoxicity on A549 cells and A375 cells were evaluated by CCK8 assay and crystal violet assay, respectively. Furthermore, qPCR was used to assess the expression of GPR81 and cytotoxicity-related genes in NK-92 cells treated with antagonist and agonist. And their relationship between lactate/GPR81 pathway and cytotoxicity-related genes were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation. Results: The viability of NK-92 cells was inhibited by L-lactic acid with increasing concentration. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity against tumor cells of NK-92 cells treated with L-lactic acid decreased with increasing concentration. Moreover, qPCR results demonstrated that GPR81 can be activated by lactic acid or agonist (3,5-DHBA) and downregulate the expression cytotoxicity-related genes which included FASLG gene(Fas Ligand),TNF-? gene(Tumor necrosis factor-?), INFG gene (Interferon-?), RPF1 gene (Perforin 1), GZMA gene (Granzyme A), GZMB gene (Granzyme B), GZMH gene (Granzyme H), GAMK gene (Granzyme K) and GZMM gene (Granzyme M). And the expression of GPR81 returned to near-control level when treated with L-lactic acid in the presence of antagonist (3-OBA), the expression of cytotoxicity-related genes did as well. Pearson’s correlation analysis of cytotoxicity-related genes with GPR81 revealed that their correlation coefficient seems negative. Conclusion: Lactic acid can activate the GPR81 to downregulate the expression of cytotoxicity-related genes, subsequently lower the cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells.

Correlation between physical activity practice and mortality from COVID-19: an ecological study / Correlação entre prática de atividade física e mortalidade por COVID-19: um estudo ecológico / Correlación entre la práctica de actividad física y la mortalidad por COVID-19: un estudio ecológico

Background and objective: new population-level studies are needed to better assess the relationship between physical inactivity and mortality from COVID-19. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between population prevalence of physical activity and standardized mortality rates by COVID-19 in Brazilian capital cities and the Federal District. Methods: this is an ecological study, whose analysis is secondary. The prevalence of physical inactivity, insufficient physical activity, and physical activity during free time was obtained from the Surveillance of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey 2019 (VIGITEL), according to minutes spent on leisure, commuting, and household activities. The COVID-19 mortality data was obtained from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe), adding the accumulated deaths until December 31, 2020. The resident population was estimated from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) for the year 2020. Pearson Correlation evaluated the correlation between the prevalence of different physical activity practices and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19, in total, and according to age groups. Results: there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.420; p = 0.029) between the overall prevalence of insufficient physical activity and the standardized COVID-19 mortality rate. No correlation was observed between the other prevalence of physical activity and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19. Conclusion: there was a correlation between insufficient levels of physical activity and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19 in people living in Brazilian capital cities.(AU)

Justificativa e objetivo: novos estudos em nível populacional são necessários para avaliar a relação entre inatividade física e mortalidade por COVID-19. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a correlação entre as prevalências populacionais de prática de atividade física e as taxas padronizadas de mortalidade por COVID-19 nas cidades capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo ecológico, cuja análise é secundária. As prevalências de inatividade física, atividade física insuficiente e atividade física no tempo livre foram obtidas do inquérito Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico 2019 (VIGITEL). Os dados de mortalidade por COVID-19 foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe), somando os óbitos acumulados até 31 de dezembro de 2020. A população residente foi estimada a partir do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) para o ano de 2020. A Correlação de Pearson avaliou a correlação entre a prevalência de diferentes práticas de atividade física e a taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19, no total e segundo faixas etárias. Resultados: houve correlação significativa positiva (r = 0,420; p = 0,029) entre a prevalência geral de atividade física insuficiente e a taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19. Não foi observada correlação entre as demais prevalências de prática de atividade física e taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19. Conclusão: houve correlação entre os níveis insuficientes de atividade física e a taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19 em pessoas que vivem nas cidades capitais brasileiras.(AU)

Justificación y objetivo: nuevos estudios a nivel poblacional son necesarios para evaluar la relación entre la inactividad física y la mortalidad por COVID-19. Evaluar la correlación entre la prevalencia poblacional de actividad física y las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad por COVID-19 en las capitales brasileñas y el Distrito Federal. Métodos: se trata de un estudio ecológico, cuyo análisis es secundario. Las prevalencias de sedentarismo, actividad física insuficiente y actividad física en el tiempo libre se obtuvieron de la Encuesta Telefónica de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección de Enfermedades Crónicas 2019 (VIGITEL). Los datos de mortalidad por COVID-19 se obtuvieron del Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Influenza (SIVEP-Gripe), sumando las muertes acumuladas hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020. La población residente se estimó del Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) para el año. 2020. Pearson Correlation evaluó la correlación entre la prevalencia de diferentes prácticas de actividad física y la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por COVID-19, en total y según grupos de edad. Resultados: hubo una correlación positiva significativa (r = 0,420; p = 0,029) entre la prevalencia general de actividad física insuficiente y la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por COVID-19. No se observó correlación entre la otra prevalencia de actividad física y la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por COVID-19. Conclusión: hubo una correlación entre los niveles insuficientes de actividad física y la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por COVID-19 en personas que viven en las capitales brasileñas.(AU)

Study of total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry (Rubus idaeous L. ) shoots. / Estudio de la capacidad antioxidante total de brotes de frambuesa roja (Rubus idaeous L. ).

Background: Today, cardiovascular, oncological, and neurodegenerative diseases are the main causes of death in the world, according to official World Health Organization (WHO) statistics. Antioxidants are used to treat and prevent these diseases. In order to develop optimal technology for obtaining drugs based on plant extracts with antioxidant action, it is necessary to determine the total antioxidant capacity of raspberry shoots. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry shoots, study the content of biologically active substances (BAS), and the antioxidant activity of red raspberry shoot extracts obtained during subsequent exhaustive extraction. Methods: The number of phenolic compounds, catechins, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids was determined by a spectrophotometric analysis method, whereas organic acids were determined by the alkalimetric method in red raspberry shoot extracts; the antioxidant activity of obtained extracts was evaluated by potentiometric method. Results: The total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry shoots was 164.12 mmol-equiv./m dry weight, the sum of the total content of phenolic compounds was 24.40 mg gallic acid (GA)/mL, catechins ­ 21.36 mg epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG)/mL, flavonoids ­ 0.77 mg rutin (R)/mL, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives ­ 2.56 mg chlorogenic acid (ChA)/mL and organic acids ­ 1.88 mg citric acid (CA)/mL in red raspberry shoot extracts obtained during subsequent exhaustive extraction. The analysis showed that there is a very high positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds, catechin, flavonoid, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives, and organic acids content in red raspberry shoot extracts. Conclusions: Total red raspberry shoots' antioxidant capacity has been determined. The study results can be used to develop optimal technology for obtaining drugs based on the extract of red raspberry shoots, which has an antioxidant effect

Contexto: Hoy en día, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, oncológicas y neurodegenerativas son las principales causas de muerte en el mundo según estadísticas oficiales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS. Los antioxidantes se utilizan para tratar y prevenir estas enfermedades. Para desarrollar una tecnología óptima para la obtención de fármacos a base de extractos de plantas con acción antioxidante, es necesario determinar la capacidad antioxidante total de los brotes de frambuesa.Objetivos: El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la capacidad antioxidante total de los brotes de frambuesa roja, estudiar el contenido de sustancias biológicamente activas (SBA) y la actividad antioxidante de los extractos de brotes de frambuesa roja obtenidos mediante extracción exhaustiva. Métodos: La cantidad de compuestos fenólicos, catequinas, flavonoides y ácidos hidroxicinámicos se determinó por método de análisis espectrofotométrico, mientras que los ácidos orgánicos por método alcalimétrico en extractos de brotes de frambuesa roja; La actividad antioxidante de los extractos obtenidos se evaluó por método potenciométrico. Resultados: La capacidad antioxidante total de los brotes de frambuesa roja fue de 164.12 mmol-equiv./m de peso seco, la suma del contenido total de compuestos fenólicos fue de 24.40 mg gálico ácido (GA)/mL, catequinas ­ 21.36 mg epigalocatequina-3-O-galato (EGCG)/mL, flavonoides ­ 0.77 mg rutina (R)/mL, derivados de ácidos hidroxicinámicos ­ 2.56 mg clorogénico ácido (ChA)/mL y ácidos orgánicos ­ 1.88 mg cítrico ácido (CA)/mL en extractos de brotes de frambuesa roja obtenidos durante extracción exhaustiva. La correlación analizada mostró que existe una correlación positiva entre la actividad antioxidante y el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales, catequinas, flavonoides, derivados de ácidos hidroxicinámicos y ácidos orgánicos en extractos de brotes de frambuesa roja. Conclusiones: Gracias a nuestros resultados se ha determinado la capacidad antioxidante total de los brotes de frambuesa roja. Los resultados del estudio se pueden utilizar para desarrollar una tecnología óptima para la obtención de fármacos basados en el extracto de brotes de frambuesa roja, que tiene un efecto antioxidante